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回答先: 地震雲や、電離層のデータから、地震は予知できるか？ 投稿者 ★阿修羅♪ 日時 2000 年 6 月 05 日 13:29:55:
Projects - DEMETER Program
DEMETER is a project of low altitude microsatellite that mainly aim the study of electromagnetic signals generated by seismic or volcanic events. Its launching is expected for mid-2001. It will be
the first mission of the CNES (National Center Of Space Research) microsatellite issue.
The scientific context and the DEMETER objective
Do seisms and volcanic eruptions generate electromagnetic disturbances ?
Since a few decades, several observations and laboratory experiments have confirmed a link between the terrestrial electromagnetic variations and the volcanic and seismic crisis.
The observations currently published concern magnetic field or electric field ground measurements, or in the ionosphere, or in the
magnetosphere, on different band frequencies.
Concerning the pre-seismic phenomena, several publications reported an increase of the measured signals in a short time (a few minutes till a few hours) just before an earthquake.
Unfortunately, those observations are insufficient to confirm a real correlation. Moreover neither theoretical nor experimental studies can suggest any convenient physical mechanism to link these phenomena.
Post-seismic effects are also observed in the ionosphere, on TEC measurements (ionosphere electronic density integrated on a vertical axe).
However several problems remain :
Not satisfying theory can explain all these observed phenomena.
The existence of link between these observations and seismic or volcanic activity is still to be demonstrated.
The observations made are coming from very various experiment for which the first objective wasn't generally the study of such phenomena. It is then quite difficult to find out common features for those signals.
That's why it seems necessary to lead a systematic study using ground measurements as well as satellites observations.
In this context, the DEMETER objective is to carry out global observation of the electromagnetic waves emission during earthquakes, and by extend to carry out global survey of the terrestrial electromagnetic environment. The interest of such
satellite observation is to cover very rapidly all the seismic areas of the Earth.
Characteristics of the mission :
Scenario of the mission :
launching : mid 2001
launcher : PSLV (Indian launch)(Polar space launcher vehicle)
orbit : quasi-polar, altitude 800km
mission : 2 years
weight : about 100kg
data acquisition : two modes :
- "burst" mode : high rate data acquisition upon seismically active areas
- "survey" mode : low rate data acquisition elsewhere around the Earth
Which instruments will be embarked on DEMETER ?
The DEMETER playload is double : a scientific playload and a CNES technical playload in order to develop new instruments. Some of
them will by the way be directly used for the scientific part.
- Scientific playload :
4 electric antennas
1 search-coil magnetometer 3 components
1 Langmuir probe ;
- total plasma density (electrons and ions)
- electronic temperature
- measure of the satellite potential
- direction of ions flow
This probe is realized by the ESTEC.
1 plasma analyzer measuring :
- total plasma density and ionic composition
- ionic temperature
- plasma global speed
1 particle detector measuring precipitation of energetic electrons (30keV � 1MeV)
- Technological playload
Mass Memory
This high capacity memory (8Gbit) will allow data storage between two passing over Toulouse, where they will be transmitted.
X band transmission
This is a high rate output measurement that will be used for the data transmission to the ground segment.
The other experiments won't be used by the scientific playload :
Pyrolaser priming : qualification of a photonic initiating chain,
CAO GPS : autonomous control of orbit by GPS,
THERME : qualification of the thermal control covering,
Pumped propulsion : qualification of the pump.
The DEMETER scientific team:
LPCE: Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement in French
Michel PARROT: P-I
Bernard POIRIER: Project Manager
CESR: Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements
CETP: Centre for the Study of Environments of Earth and Planets
IPGP: Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
LDG/CEA
Other links :
Seisms forecast (Nature):http://helix.nature.com/debates/earthquake/equake_frameset.html
題名には必ず「阿修羅さんへ」と記述してください。