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平和の誓いに「大きな不安」＝安保法案で安倍首相批判―米紙社説
時事通信社 2015年7月21日 06時35分 (2015年7月21日 23時58分 更新)
http://www.excite.co.jp/News/world_g/20150721/Jiji_20150721X836.html
【ニューヨーク時事】米紙ニューヨーク・タイムズは２０日付の社説で、日本の安全保障関連法案が先週、与党の強行採決を経て衆院を通過したことに関連し、「日本の平和主義への切実な誓いを安倍晋三首相は尊重する気があるのか、大きな不安を引き起こした」と批判した。
社説は、第２次大戦終結から７０年がたち、世界３位の経済大国がより大きな国際的役割を目指すべきだとの考えは驚くに当たらないとしつつ、「問題は目標よりも、むしろ首相のやり方だ」と論評。改憲ではなく憲法解釈変更による法整備の手法を問題視した。
その上で社説は、安倍首相が「日本の戦時中の侵略や残虐行為」を誠実に事実と認め、反省しているかどうか疑問が持たれており、日本や地域の多くの人々に警戒されていると指摘。「長い間、平和主義を尊重してきた国を戦争に導くのではないかと懸念される」と論じた。
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（「しんぶん赤旗」 2015年7月22日 日刊紙２面）
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Japan Wrestles With Its Pacifism
By THE EDITORIAL BOARDJULY 20, 2015
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/20/opinion/japan-wrestles-with-its-pacifism.html?ref=topics&_r=0
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Japan Wrestles With Its Pacifism
By THE EDITORIAL BOARDJULY 20, 2015
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/20/opinion/japan-wrestles-with-its-pacifism.html?ref=topics&_r=0
A vote in the Japanese Parliament last week brought Prime Minister Shinzo Abe a step closer to one of his most important national security goals — a law that would give the Japanese armed forces limited powers to engage in foreign combat for the first time since World War II. But the way Mr. Abe engineered the victory has caused great anxiety about whether he intends to honor Japan’s deep postwar commitment to pacifism.
That the world’s third-largest economy should seek a greater international role 70 years after the end of World War II should come as no surprise — especially in Asia, where China is becoming more assertive. The problem is less that goal than the way Mr. Abe is pursuing it.
At the core of the debate is Japan’s Constitution, imposed by the American Army in 1947. It has permitted the Japanese military, known as the Self-Defense Forces, to engage only in self-defense. That meant that a large and technologically advanced military could not engage in “collective self-defense” — aiding friendly countries under attack — and was thus far more constrained than the armed forces of other nations.
Mr. Abe has long argued for modifying the Constitution so that Japan could assert itself as a “normal” country freed from postwar constraints. Last year, he announced his intention to prepare Japan’s military for expanded missions like defending an American ship under attack, destroying a North Korean missile headed toward the United States or playing a larger role in United Nations peacekeeping operations. He also promised that Japan would be a fuller partner in countering China and its sweeping claims to most of the South China Sea.
The impediment to these ambitions was Article 9 of the Constitution, which says the Japanese people “forever renounce war as a sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as means of settling international disputes.” Under normal circumstances, changing the article would mean revising the Constitution, which would require two-thirds approval in both houses of Parliament, followed by a national referendum.
Mr. Abe circumvented that process by having his government declare a reinterpretation of the Constitution and then following up with legislation in a Parliament where his Liberal Democratic Party-led coalition has a majority in the upper and lower houses. The lower house approved the package of 11 security-related bills last Thursday; the upper house is expected to do the same. Unlike a formal constitutional change, ordinary legislation only requires a majority vote and there is no referendum.
Mr. Abe’s tactic was not original. Past governments have also chosen to simply “reinterpret” the Constitution. But in this case the proposed changes went to the very heart of Japan’s postwar charter, and were far too consequential for the process to be short-circuited. The critics included a majority of Japan’s constitutional scholars; nearly 10,000 people, including scholars, artists and a Nobel laureate, signed a petition opposing the new legislation, and tens of thousands of people have participated in demonstrations. Polls show voters oppose the legislation by a two-to-one margin.
Mr. Abe is already held in suspicion by many people in Japan and in the region because of his appeals to Japan’s right-wing nationalists and because of doubts about whether he genuinely acknowledges and regrets Japan’s wartime aggression and the atrocities committed by its government and its armed forces. The concern now is that he will lead a country that has long embraced pacifism into war.
Democratic leaders are more successful when they can persuade voters to support major policy initiatives and when they follow procedures that ensure changes are broadly accepted. For many Japanese, Mr. Abe does not appear to have made his case or picked the right way to move forward.
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