ウィキペディアの「近点移動」に「太陽系惑星の近日点移動」という表がある。水星(5.75秒/年)から海王星(0.36秒/年)までの観測値の表である。いずれも移動の方向は惑星の公転の方向、その大きさは一定とされている。この表は正しいとしよう。この現象はいずれも惑星と太陽の二体に原因するのであろう。

アダムスとルヴェリエが海王星の存在および天球上に見いだされるべき位置を予言したのは天王星の位置の移動のあり様からであったが、それは一時的、例外的な移動(摂動)であった。

http://www.asyura2.com/15/nature6/msg/460.html#c218

In a web-site in English titled "Perihelion Precession of the Planets", there is a table on observed rates from Mercury (5.75 seconds/year) to Neptune (0.36 seconds/year). In these, direction of precession is the direction of planet's revolution, and these magnitude are assumed to be constant. Let's assume this table is true. So, this phenomenon will be caused by two bodies: planet each and Sun.

Adams and Le Verrier predicted the existence of Neptune and its position on the celestial sphere (from the precession of Uranus's position). But it was temporary and exceptional precession (perturbation).

http://www.asyura2.com/0306/idletalk2/msg/1242.html#c254

水星の近日点の移動は100年で575秒である。ウィキペディアの「近点移動」に「具体例」という項があるが575秒のうちの532秒は他の惑星の重力による摂動により、残り43秒は一般相対論の効果によるとされている。他の惑星の重力を単純に合算？こんなのが学説？

http://www.asyura2.com/15/nature6/msg/460.html#c219

Perihelion shift of Mercury is 575 seconds in 100 years. In wikipedia, there is a site titled “Perigee Shift” (in Japanese). In it, it’s stated that 532 of the 575 seconds are caused by perturbations due to gravity of other planets, and remaining 43 seconds are caused by the effects of general relativity. Simply adding up gravity of other planets ? Is this A THEORY ?
http://www.asyura2.com/0306/idletalk2/msg/1242.html#c255

天球上で月が恒星Aを掩蔽します。掩蔽は恒星A、月の中心、観測者の三者が一直線となる瞬間があるようになされます。月と同じ視直径の人工の円盤が月と同じ見かけの速度で月を追い恒星Aを同じように掩蔽します。掩蔽される時間が同じであれば重力による光の曲がりはないのでしょう。
http://www.asyura2.com/15/nature6/msg/460.html#c220

Moon occults (covers up) star A on the celestial sphere. In this occultation, there is a moment when star A, center of Moon, and an observer make a straight line. An artificial disk the same apparent diameter (as Moon) follows Moon at the same apparent speed (as Moon). And it occults star A in the same way (as Moon). If occultation time is the same, there will be no bending of light due to gravity.

http://www.asyura2.com/0306/idletalk2/msg/1242.html#c256

すべての質点のあり様は質点が運動をしているか、していないかのいずれかである。運動は相対的とされるがそれは見かけである。運動をしている質点にあっては運動のベクトル(大きさと向き)が変化のある運動と変化のない運動とがある。変化のある運動では変化に対応する(定性的、定量的に)慣性力が認められる。変化のない運動では慣性力は認められない。

上記は空間における一様等方のエーテルの存在に依拠しよう。すべての運動はエーテルに対しての運動(絶対静止)、光学的な計測が容易である。
http://www.asyura2.com/15/nature6/msg/460.html#c222

音源と観測者との間で式、v = λ f が成り立っています。v は観測者にとっての音速、λ は波長、f は観測者にとっての周波数です。観測者が運動をしていてそのために周波数が変動をしています。上記の式で変動しているのは v でしょう(λ は変動していません）。

式、v = λ f は光源と観測者との間でも成り立っているでしょう。変動しているのは v でしょう。
http://www.asyura2.com/15/nature6/msg/460.html#c223

For Doppler effect of sound waves, following will hold. Speed of sound waves in air, which is medium for sound waves propagation, is constant. In other words, speed of sound waves is constant only with respect to air.

Doppler effect of light waves will be the same as that of sound waves. Medium of light waves is aether, which is uniformly isotropic. In other words, speed of light waves is constant only with respect to aether.
http://www.asyura2.com/0306/idletalk2/msg/1242.html#c257

音波の伝播速度は伝播の媒質である空気に対してのみ一定なのでしょう。光波の伝播速度は伝播の媒質であるエーテルに対してのみ一定なのでしょう。

従って観測者の観測する光波の周波数の計算式は、観測者の観測する音波の計算式に同じでしょう。
http://www.asyura2.com/15/nature6/msg/460.html#c224

Speed of sound waves is constant only with respect to air, which is medium of propagation. Speed of light waves will probably be constant only with respect to aether, which is medium of propagation.

Therefore, calculating equation for frequency of light waves observed by an observer must be the same as culculating equation for frequency of sound waves observed by an observer.
http://www.asyura2.com/0306/idletalk2/msg/1242.html#c258

音波は空気を媒質とし、光波はエーテルを媒質として伝播します。媒質は一様等方、対媒質の波の速度は一定です。よって、点状の波源が媒質中で静止しているならば、平面上に描かれた波は同心円です。従って観測者が媒質に対して運動をしていれば観測者にとっての音波、光波の速度は一定ではありません。
註) 　なお、空気中での光波の伝播のあり方は音波と同じであって空気を媒質とします。
http://www.asyura2.com/15/nature6/msg/460.html#c225

Sound waves propagate through air, and light waves propagate through aether. Medium is uniformly isotropic, and speed of waves with respect to medium is constant. So, when a point-like wave source is stationary in medium, waves drawn on a plane are concentric circles. Therefore, if an observer is moving with respect to medium, speed of sound waves and light waves for the observer is not constant.
Note: Light waves using air as a medium propagate in the same way as sound waves.
http://www.asyura2.com/0306/idletalk2/msg/1242.html#c259

光は以下の二通りの伝播をするのでしょう。
1) 　月面上に置かれた反射器にレーザー光が照射され、戻ってきた反射光によって月への距離が測定されます。誤差は数センチです。推測するに光源から放たれた光は少なくとも一秒間は射出説に従うのでしょう。この推測は100点満点で90点とできるでしょう。
2) 　各種の光行差。推測するに光は1)の領域を過ぎてからはエーテルの基準系に従うのでしょう。この推測は100点満点で120点とできるでしょう。
註) なお、光は空気中では空気の基準系に従い伝播します。すなわち空気中でのMM実験はナンセンス。
http://www.asyura2.com/15/nature6/msg/460.html#c226

Light propagates in two ways.
1) A reflector placed on moon’s surface is irradiated with laser light, and by reflected light, distance to Moon is measured. Error is a few centimeters. Laser light emitted from light source will follow emission theory for one second at least. This guess can be scored 90 points out of 100 points.
2) Various types of aberration. Light will follow reference frame of aether after passing through the region 1 above. This guess can be scored 120 points out of 100 points.
Note) In air,light propagates following to reference frame of air. So, MM experiments done in air is nonsense.
http://www.asyura2.com/0306/idletalk2/msg/1242.html#c260

これまでにも述べたとおり(2023・2・20 の投稿など)光速度不変はあり得ません。従って時間の遅れ、ローレンツ収縮もまたあり得ません。疑いもなく。
http://www.asyura2.com/15/nature6/msg/460.html#c227

As posted preciously (one of which is on 2023-2-20), constancy of speed of light is impossible. Therefore, time dilation and Lorentz contraction are also impossible. Without a doubt.
http://www.asyura2.com/0306/idletalk2/msg/1242.html#c261

Space is filled with aether. For light, aether acts as a medium (as a reference frame). In other words, light propagates at the same speed through aether. Regardless of the direction of propagation. Earth is moving at different speeds with respect to aether. Therefore, speed of light with respect to Earth is different

Aberration is a phenomenon completed in upper atmosphere. It is the same as refraction. Result of Airy's experiment (tube of telescope is filled with water) is only natural.

Due to aberration, it is said that visible position (direction) of celestial bodies shift beyond the direction of motion of Earth. No, shift will be behind the direction of motion of Earth. This will be clear by illustration of light rays in atmosphere.

Draw trajectory of position of a celestial body (on celestial sphere. returns to source every year). Ellipse of annual aberration will be warped by secular aberration. Daily aberration will be many small circles (365 pearls).
http://www.asyura2.com/0306/idletalk2/msg/1242.html#c262

宇宙空間はエーテルで満たされている。光にとってエーテルは媒質として働く(エーテルは基準系)。すなわち、光はエーテルに対して等速で伝播している。伝播の方向の如何にかかわらず。地球はエーテルに対して異なる速度で運動している。よって地球に対しての光の速度は異なる。
http://www.asyura2.com/15/nature6/msg/460.html#c228

光行差は大気上層で完結している現象。屈折に同じ。エアリーの実験の結果(筒に水を満たした望遠鏡による)は当然。

光行差のために天体の見える位置(方向)は地球の運動方向の先にずれるとされている。いや、ずれは地球の運動方向の後ろであろう。大気上層での光線の曲がり様を描いてみれば明らか。

天球上の天体の位置は一年で回帰する一筆描きの軌跡を描こう。光行差のために。年周光行差の楕円は永年光行差のために歪み、日周光行差は多くの小さい円(365の真珠)となろう。
http://www.asyura2.com/15/nature6/msg/460.html#c229

For a few seconds after emission, propagation of light will follow emission theory, and then follows the aether reference frame (as written before). In other words, from the aether reference frame, speed of light will vary, and energy of a photon will also vary. It is said that energy of light is proportional to its frequency.
Note) The above will be possible to explain accuracy of measuring the distance to Moon (by laser) and aberration without contradiction.
http://www.asyura2.com/0306/idletalk2/msg/1242.html#c263

光の伝播は射出後数秒間は射出説に従い、その後はエーテルの基準系に従うのでしょう(さきに書いたとおり)。すなわち、エーテルの基準系から見れば、光速度は変わり、光子のエネルギーもまた変わるのでしょう。光子のエネルギーは周波数に比例するとされています。
註) 上記は月との距離の測定精度(レーザーによる)、光行差を矛盾なしに説明できるでしょう。
http://www.asyura2.com/15/nature6/msg/460.html#c230

In space, spaceship is floating (not accelerating). From this spacecraft, multiple probes begin a uniform linear motion towards assigned star on celestial sphere. A light source set on the probes that shines at a certain frequency is visible from the spacecraft.

Is the assumption that propagation of light in two ways (written before) correct ? If correct, frequency of probe's light (reaches the spacecraft) that emitted from before and after a few light-seconds distance will be different (although in rare cases it may not be different). The two, emission theory and aether will revovebe as phoenixes.
http://www.asyura2.com/0306/idletalk2/msg/1242.html#c264

年周光行差、日周光行差のあり様は地球の運動(エーテルに対する運動)を示しています。他方で光源までの隔たりがまずまずであれば(いや、月までの隔たりでも)、光の伝播は射出説に従うでしょう。相対論は問題外、エーテルと射出説はともに甦るでしょう。不死鳥としていずれ。
http://www.asyura2.com/15/nature6/msg/460.html#c231

Annual aberration and daily aberration mean motion of Earth (with respect to aether). Aether is real existence. On the other hand, if the distance to the light source is not too far (no, even the distance to the Moon also !), propagation of light will follow emission theory. Relativity will fade away, and both aether and emission theory will revive. Someday as phoenixes.
http://www.asyura2.com/0306/idletalk2/msg/1242.html#c265

宇宙空間で天球上の反対方向の二つの星の光の周波数と波長を測定すれば二つの星の光の速度が知られるでしょう。それはエーテルに対する測定者の運動(光路方向の)を意味するのでしょう。
註) 　測定者が光路方向の運動をすればニ光の周波数は変動します。到来するニ光の波長は変動しません。到来するニ光の速度が変動します。
http://www.asyura2.com/15/nature6/msg/460.html#c232

In outer space, frequency and wavelength of incoming lights from two stars (from opposite directions on the celestial sphere) are measured. To the measurer, speed of two incoming lights will be different. And it will mean the motion (in the direction of light path) of the measurer with respect to aether.
Note) If the measurer moves in the direction of light path, frequency and speed of two incoming lights will vary. Because, wavelength of two incoming light does not vary.
http://www.asyura2.com/0306/idletalk2/msg/1242.html#c266

長さ 4r と 2r の棒が十字となって水平に回転しています。棒の先端四つにはいずれも質量 m の質点が、棒の質量はゼロとします。棒に働く張力(遠心力)は真の力です。

遠心力の式は F = m v^2/r です。そしてニュートンの運動の第三法則の示すとおり遠心力は作用であり向心力は反作用。ニ力の大きさは同じです。ともに真の力です。

張力は遠心力であってニュートンの運動の第三法則の作用、向心力は反作用でしょう。ともに真の力です。回転運動はつき詰めるならば加速運動と非加速運動(絶対静止を含む)。基準は天球、そしてエーテル。
http://www.asyura2.com/15/nature6/msg/460.html#c233

Rods of length 4r and 2r are rotating horizontally in the shape of a cross. Assume that four tip of the rod each has mass point of mass m, and the mass of the rod is zero. Tension (centrifugal force) acting on the rod is a true force.

The formula for centrifugal force is F = m v^2/r. And as Newton's third law of motion shows, centrifugal force is an action and centripetal force is a reaction. The magnitude of the force is the same. The two are true forces.

Tension is centrifugal force, an effect of Newton's third law of motion, and centripetal force is a reaction. The two are true forces. Rotational motion can be boiled down to accelerated motion and non-accelerated motion (including absolute rest). Frame will be the celestial sphere and the aether.
http://www.asyura2.com/0306/idletalk2/msg/1242.html#c267

Accelerated motion and inertial force correspond qualitatively (also, in the direction of celestial sphere and of aether) quantitatively. This will lead to zero inertial force in non-accelerated motion. Without exception. In addition, let us assume that non-accelerating motion includes absolute rest.
http://www.asyura2.com/0306/idletalk2/msg/1242.html#c268

宇宙空間で測定される天球上の反対方向から到来する二つの星の光の速度の合計は 2c (または 2c に近い定数)でしょう。それぞれの速度はエーテル系に対する観測者の運動速度(光路方向の)でしょう。>>232 で書き漏らしを。すみません。
http://www.asyura2.com/15/nature6/msg/460.html#c234

In outer space, frequency and wavelength of incoming lights from two stars (from opposite directions on the celestial sphere) are measured. To the measurer, speed of two incoming lights will be different. And sum of speed of two lights will be 2c (or close to 2c : constant). In post 266, it is forgotten to note. Sorry.
http://www.asyura2.com/0306/idletalk2/msg/1242.html#c269

◎　In relative motion
A spacecraft is moving horizontally in front of an observer. Plane waves of starlight (constant wavelength) is coming from directly above. Regardless of the speed of the spacecraft, time is absolute, with no delay.
◎　In different gravity fields
There is a mirror high up in high tower. Light (constant wavelength) emitted from the ground is reflected by the mirror and returned to the ground. Frequencies measured at these three points are the same (if these are not the same, number of waves on optical pathes will increase or decrease, without limit). Time is absolute, with no delay.
http://www.asyura2.com/0306/idletalk2/msg/1242.html#c270

An elevator cabin is in free fall. Imagine mass points placed regularly in the elevator. Vector of inertial force acting on each mass point is the same. Local inertial frame is impossible.

Two elevators are moving apart horizontally. One is in accelerated motion and the other is in non-accelerated motion. By an accelerometer, to tell which one is accelerating is possible. In the elevator with accelerated motion, there is no inertial frame, even locally.
http://www.asyura2.com/0306/idletalk2/msg/1242.html#c271

A passenger car is accelerating to the right (uniform acceleration). A light source (wavelength is onstant) at the rear wall of the car emits light, and on the front wall, frequency measuring device is settled. During acceleration, there will be more waves in the car than before. In other words, accelerated motion is not fictitious (inertial force is not also).

A ray of light is emitted from the ceiling of a passenger car directly below. When this car is accelerated, the light rays reach the floor in a parabola. Difference between acceleration and non-acceleration is not fictitious.
http://www.asyura2.com/0306/idletalk2/msg/1242.html#c272

Accelerated motion is absolute motion relative to aether frame. The two are two sides of the same coin. Gravity does not play a role at all in this problem and is irrelevant.
http://www.asyura2.com/0306/idletalk2/msg/1242.html#c273

◎　In relative motion
A spacecraft is moving horizontally in front of an observer. Plane waves of starlight (constant wavelength) is coming from directly above. Regardless of the speed of the spacecraft, coming waves are the same. Time is absolute, with no delay.
◎　In different gravity fields
There is a mirror high up in high tower. Light (constant wavelength) emitted from the ground is reflected by the mirror and returned to the ground. Frequency measured at these three points are the same (if these are not the same, number of waves on optical pathes will increase or decrease endlessly). Time is absolute, with no delay.
http://www.asyura2.com/0306/idletalk2/msg/1242.html#c274

二者の相違はエーテルのフレームに対する運動のあり方の相違でしょう。加速運動をする質点には定性的、定量的に対応した慣性力が伴われます。非加速運動(等速直線運動)をする質点には慣性力は伴われません。

慣性力と重力とはともに真の力でしょう。しかし両者にはごくごく表面的な係わりがあるだけでしょう。定性的、定量的にも。

http://www.asyura2.com/15/nature6/msg/460.html#c235

慣性力と重力について一言。両者を並べてみて何が言えるでしょう。慣性力は慣性力、重力は重力、いずれも真の力。言えるのはこれだけのようです。並べてみてのご報告です。

http://www.asyura2.com/15/nature6/msg/460.html#c236

Difference between the two motions above will be the difference of motion with respect to aether frame. A mass point moving in accelerated motion is accompanied by inertial force, that corresponds qualitatively and quantitatively. A mass point moving in non-accelerated motion (uniform linear motion) is not accompanied by inertial force.

A saying are trying about inertial force and gravity. What can we say by comparing the two words ? Inertial force is inertial force, gravity is gravity and both are true forces ! That seems to be all that can be said. This is a short report.

http://www.asyura2.com/15/nature6/msg/460.html#c237

地上で客車が右方へ等加速運動をしています。車内の天井から紐で吊り下げられた物体は左へ振れています。その角度はニュートンの運動の法則による式で定性的、定量的な説明ができます。等価原理では？できる人いますか？
http://www.asyura2.com/15/nature6/msg/460.html#c238

On the ground, a passenger car is moving with uniform acceleration to the right. In the car, a body hanging from the ceiling with a string is swinging to the left. The angle can be explained qualitatively and quantitatively using equations based on Newton's laws of motion. What about equivalence principle ? Is there anyone who can ?

http://www.asyura2.com/0306/idletalk2/msg/1242.html#c275

Allow me to repeat the previous question,regarding two situations ◎ below. Two situations ◎ can be explainend qualitatively and quantitatively using formulas based on Newton’s laws of motion. The question is, how to explain equivalent principle ? Is there anyone who can ? .
◎ Forces of the same magnitude are acting on a mass point from the left and right directions. Types of forces are tension, gravity, and inertial force. Since there are no combinations of inertial forces and inertial forces, there are five combinations of forces (ignoring the difference between left and right).
◎ A body is sliding down inclined surface (no friction).

http://www.asyura2.com/0306/idletalk2/msg/1242.html#c276

下記の二つの状況、◎についてさきの質問を繰り返させてください。二つの状況、◎にはニュートンの運動の法則による式で定性的、定量的な説明ができるでしょう。質問は等価原理ではできますか？できる人いますか？です。
◎　質点に同じ大きさの力が左右の向きに働いています。力の種類は張力、重力、慣性力です。慣性力と慣性力との組み合わせはないので力の組み合わせは五通りです(左右の相違は無視)。
◎　物体が傾斜面(摩擦なし)を滑り落ちています。
http://www.asyura2.com/15/nature6/msg/460.html#c239

加速運動のすべては慣性力(反作用)を伴っている。そして反作用の対である作用(ニュートンの運動の第三法則による)が存在する。

非加速運動のすべては慣性力を伴っていない。絶対静止(エーテルのフレームに対しての)も同じ。

重力とは無関係の問題。
http://www.asyura2.com/15/nature6/msg/460.html#c240

All accelerated motion is accompanied by inertial force (it is reaction. See Newton's third law of motion).

All non-accelerated motion is not accompanied by inertial force. It is the same for absolute rest (relative to aether frame).

Gravity is unrelated to this problem.
http://www.asyura2.com/0306/idletalk2/msg/1242.html#c277

万有引力の法則の式は F=GMm/r^2 です。 r は二つの物体(球体 L と R とする)の重心の隔たりでしょう。r を 50 とすれば分母は 2500 です。これを第一図とします。

次の第二図では水平の直線上に球体 L, R1, R2 が並んでいます。L と R1 の隔たりを 49, L と R2 の隔たりを 51 とすれば分母では 2401 と 2601 です。この二つを足してニで割れば 2501 で第一図の 2500 よりも僅かに大です。すなわち、万有引力の式は二つの重力源のサイズの如何を問題としませんが、実際には僅かであれ係わりがある？　ニュートンの球殻定理はマユツバもの？　これが近点の移動の主因？
注) 　2500, 2501 は式の分子における係数となります。
注) 　R1 と R2 の質量はそれぞれ第一図の R の質量の 1/2 とします。
注) 　R1 と R2 を R の半球(重心の隔たりが 2) としたら。
http://www.asyura2.com/15/nature6/msg/460.html#c241

Formula for the law of universal gravitation is F=GMm/r^2. Value r is the distance between centers of gravity of the two bodies (let’s call them spheres L and R). If r is 50, the squared is 2500. It is the first diagram.

Now, this is the second diagram. On a horizontal straight line, spheres L, R1, and R2 are lined up. If distance between L and R1 is 49, and distance between L and R2 is 51, the squared are 2401 and 2601. If these two are added and divided by 2, the value 2501 is gotten, which is slightly larger than 2500. In other words, the formula of universal gravitation doesn’t care about the size of the two sources of gravity, but in reality, there will be some effect, even if it’s a little ? Is Newton’s spherical shell theorem not perfect ? Is this the main cause of apsidal precession ?
Note) 2500 and 2501 are coefficients in numerator of the formula.
Note) Masses of R1 and R2 each are 1/2 of the mass of R.
Note) Assume that R1 and R2 are hemispheres of R (distance of centers of gravity is 2).
http://www.asyura2.com/0306/idletalk2/msg/1242.html#c278

英語のサイトに上記の文献が。
http://www.asyura2.com/0306/idletalk2/msg/1242.html#c279

月と地球の間の距離はミリ単位の精度で測定されている。測定は 距離 = 光速 x 往復の時間 /2 の式による。ここで特筆すべきは月と地球とを往復する光路の天球に対する方向の如何が測定結果に影響しないことであろう。

月と地球の存在する空間もまたエーテルで満たされているとしよう。測定結果は測定されるレーザー光の天球に対する方向の如何で異なろう(MM 実験の説明によれば)。

月と地球ほどの隔たりではエーテルは電磁波の伝播に干渉しない。すなわち、電磁波の射出後数秒間はエーテルは電磁波の伝播に干渉しない。リッツの射出説が限定的ながらよみがえる。とりあえず、これを一つの仮定としよう。時間の枠組みにも空間の枠組みにも触れなくてよい。
http://www.asyura2.com/15/nature6/msg/460.html#c242

Distance between Moon and Earth is measured with millimeter precision. Measurement is based on the formula "distance = speed of light x round trip time / 2". What is noteworthy here is that the direction of laser beam with respect to celestial sphere does not affect the measurement results.

Assume that the space where Moon and Earth exist is also filled with aether. Measurement results will differ depending on the direction of laser beam with respect to celestial sphere (according to the explanation of MM experiment).

However, aether does not affect the propagation of electromagnetic waves at the distance between Moon and Earth. That is, aether does not affect the propagation of electromagnetic waves for a few seconds after emitted. Ritz's emission theory is revived, although in a limited extent. For now, let's take this as an assumption. There is no need to be worried about the framework of time or space.
http://www.asyura2.com/0306/idletalk2/msg/1242.html#c280